חומר רקע
șȥȑș
2023
ȉȋȥȏȤȍșȩȪȻȑȵȢȏȏȱȑȧȩȻȏȱȳȅȬ
ȻșȢȑȳȍȏȏȥȑȅȏȱȑȑșȵȑȖȑȻșȬ
1
ȉȋȥȏȤȍșȩȏȱȑȧȩȻȏȳȑȔȅ
ȪȻȑȵȢȏȏȱȑȧȩȻȏȳȑȔȅ
ȉȋȥȏȤȍșȩ
ȗȏȳȟȵȻȑȬȻȑȵȉʆȤȑȩȢȵșȥȉȟȵȏȖȗȵȉȑȏȻȢȔȑșȉȡȱȑȏ
)
44%
ʢȤȑȩȢȵșȥȉʆʡ
39%
ʢȡșȉȏȟȑʡ
17%
.(
ȢȏȟȩȢȟȟȩȩȳȻȵȢ
-
4500
ʆȏșșȵȩȻȟȡșȖȗȵȟȟȑȝȑȡȥȑȍ
ȳȑȉșȯșȥȉȢȑȡșȟȑȖȻșȉʆȻșȻȑȉȳȻȉȳȏȟȟȝȢʆȏȱȑȧȩȻʆȳȖȧȢ
.
ȍȩșȳȑȔȅȻȬȢȉȟȟȝȥ
ȻșȢȑȅȟȻȑȬș
ȏșșȵȩȻȟʸȅȖȑȻșȬȳȑȔȅȝȋȑȑȧȢȑ
ȉȤȝȑȵʅ
ȵșȉȝȑȟȅȳȵșȏȯȑȖȵșȉȝȵȋȬȢȉșȉșȗȱȳȗȅȡȑȱșȢ
31
,
ʆȅʷȻȑȡșȟȵȑȳșȢȏȩșȧȥȏȩȵȝ
15
ȉȢȱȍ
ȩȉȵȳȅ
ȡșȉȏȟȻȉȝȳȏȻȥȖȻȟȍȑȢȯȉȑ
-
ȗȏȳ
.
ȝȟȵȖȗȵȉʆȏȱȑȧȩȻȏȳȑȔȅȟȵȻșȥȑȬȯȏȏȥȑȅȏ
-
2,000
ȏȉȳȏȖȟȯȏȉȏȅȑȟȢȉȏȱȑȑȵʆȡȥȑȍ
ȋȑȧȢȡșȟȩȬȢȟ
ȥȑȵȡș
ʅȟȅȳȵșȉȏȥȑȵȅȳȏȏȳȑȵȏȢȡȱȟȖʆȡș
ȏȪȱșȏ
ȏșșȵȩȻȉȻȑȳșȵșȡșȱȧȩȑȢ
ȝȟȩȍȢȑȩ
-
3700
ȡșȍȉȑȩ
ȑ
ȳȑȔȅȉȡșȱȧȩȑȢȏțȧ
)
ȟșȬȝȢȟȩțȢȻȧȏȉ
2.8
ȝȟȩȍȢȑȩʡ
-
8900
ʅȡșȍȉȑȩ
ȡȑșȏȳȉȝȱȬȧȢȉȋȥȏȤȍșȩ
ȩȻȻȑȳȵȬȅȤȻȢ
ȏșȳȬșȳȬȉȻȥȑȑȋȢȏșșȧȑȟȝȑȅȟȏȱȑȧ
ȳȱșȩȉȑʆ
ȟșȉȗșȢȏȥȩȢȤȻȑȥ
Ȼȳȉȋȏ
ȡșȵȥȻȱȧȩȏȻȟȑȝș
,
șȅȑȍȉȏȳȔȋȢȏȢȳȱșȩȉȑ
,
ʅȤȻșȉȻȉșȉȧȉ
ȡșȟȩȬȢ
ȡșȩșȯȢʆȏȱȑȧȩȻȏȳȑȔȅȻȟȏȥȢȡȋȑȢȝʆȡșȉȳ
ȻȑȍȉȑȩȻȑȏȢșȅȟȻȑȥȑȳȻȬ
ȻșȉȵȢȵȢȉȋȥȏȤȍșȩʅ
ȩșȯȢȑʆȏȳȵȝȏȏȑȏȱȑȧȩȻȏȡȑȖȻȉȡșȟȩȑȬȏȡșȥȑȋȳȅȤȑȑȋȢȟ
ȡșșȍȑȖșșȻȑȥȑȳȻȬ
ȏȔȤȉȑȢȉ
ȟȅȤșȉʅȻșȢȑȱȢȏȏșșȧȑȟȝȑȅȟȡșȢȅȻȑȢȏ
Ȼȑȳȵȝȏȡȋʆȏ
șȩȑȯȱȢ
ȑ
ʅȻșȔȝȳȢȑȻșȟȩȬȢȡșȥȬȻ
ȅȵȑȥ
ʆȡȑȳȍȔȑȖȢȟȵȏȱȑȧȩȻȏȻȑȳȵȑȉȋȥȏȤȍșȩʆȡșȢȔșȏȟȵȻȬȻȑȵȢȻȑșȳȖȅȉȑȥșȏȏȱȑȧȩȻȏ
ʅȳȑȔȅȉȡșȉȳȑȩȢȏȡșȉȳȩȑȡșȍȑȏșȏȱȑȧȩȻșȬȑȋȍȋȅȢȏ
ȡȋȡȑșȏȻȟȩȑȬȉȋȥȏȤȍșȩȉ
ȻȢȢȖ
ȻȑȥȵȍȖ
ȻȢȱȏȻȅȵʆ
ʅȉȋȥȉȱȗșșȏșȢȔșȢȡȑșȏȳȉȝȏȖșȢȯȢȑʆȤȑȩȢȵșȥȉȏȢȔșȏ
ȑȻȢȱȏȔȅȢ
ȟȵ
ʆȉȋȥȏȤȍșȩ
ȉȏȟȗȉȅȏȏȖȥȯ
ȳșȩ
ȗȏȳ
ȏȥȝȵȏ
ȝȉ
-
40%
.
ʇȻșȥȑȬȯȏȏȥȑȅȉȏșșȥȉȏȻȑșȑȝȔ
ʢȏșșȵȩȻȟ
1,745,900
ʡȳʷȢ
ʢȳȑȉșȯșȥȉȢȟ
9500
ʡȳʷȢ
ʢȳȖȧȢȟ
47,000
ʡȳʷȢ
ʢȡșȟȑȖȻșȉȟ
88,000
ʡȳʷȢ
ȻșȻȑȉȳȻȉȳȏȟȟȝȢȟ
)
28,400
ʡȳʷȢ
2
ʇȟȑȏșȥȏȟȍȑȢ
șȍșȟȩȟȏȑȥȢȏȱȑȧȩȻȏȳȑȔȅ
ȻȑșȑȵȳȏȵȑȟȵȟȻȬȻȑȵȢȻȟȏȥȢ
ȗȏȳʢ
-
ȤȑȩȢȵșȥȉ
-
ʡȡșȉȏȟ
ȑ
ȔȅȟȵȻȑșȍȑȖșșȏȻȅȟȏȥȟȑȖȑȻșȬȡȍȱȟʆȤȥȝȻȟʇȏșȍșȱȬȻ
ȏȱȑȧȩȻȏȳȑ
.
ȬȢ
ʇȻșȥȑȬȯȏȏȥȑȅȉȡșȵȳȋȢȏȱȑȑșȵȻ
ȯ
3
ȻșȢȑȳȍȏȏȥȑȅȏ
ȝȻȟȟȑȝȻșȢȑȳȍȏȏȥȑȅȏ
-
1,200
ȱȑȑșȵȟȡȥȑȍ
,
șȳȑȔȅȳȑȧȖȢȟȑȢȟȅ
ȳȉȑȋȑțȟȑȏ
ȡșȵȳȋȢȉ
ȑ
ȻȑșȥȬ
ȡȑșȏȳȉȝȡșȢȔșȟȵȻȑȉȳ
ȟȻȱȟȑȖȢȏȥȑȅȏʅ
-
77
ʆȏșșȵȩȻȟȡșȵȳȋȢ
16
șȥȵʆȏȱȑȧȩȻȟȡșȵȳȋȢ
ȏȥȉȢȑȅȡșȟȑȖȻșȉȻȢȱȏȟȤȑȥȝȻȏȻȟșȖȻȉȍȑȩȍȩȑșȵȟȑȍȋȍȖȅȵȳȋȢȑȳȑȉșȯȻȑȍȧȑȢȟȡșȵȳȋȢ
ʅșȻȑȩȢȵȢșȳȑȔȅȻȑȅȬȳȢ
șȵȟȪȧȑȥȉ
ȏȱȑȧȩȻȏșȬȱșȏȉșȻȑȩȢȵȢȏșȑȥ
ȟȟȝȉȻșȅȑȍȉȏȏȳȉȖȉȑʆȗȏȳȉ
ȡȋȏȥȻȵȢȑțȟȑȏʆ
ȏșȑȯȳȏȏȱȑȧȩȻȏșȬȑȅ
ȍșȻȩȉ
ȡșȟșȝȵȢȳșȩȏșȳșȩȯȑʆȟȅȳȵșȉȻȑȳșȩȯȏȡșȳȩȏȻȖȅȅșȏȗȏȳʅ
ȡȏșȳȑȏȢ
ʅȻșȟȅȳȵșȏȱȗșșȏȏȻșșȵȩȻȉȉȟȻȵȏȟʆȡșȳȖȅȡșȉȳȡșȟȅȳȵșȑȢȝʆȡȏȡȋȡșȥșșȥȑȩȢȑ
ȟȵȅȳȢȤȥȝȑȻȉȋȥȏȤȍșȩ
ȵșȉȝȟȡȑȳȍȢȑȤȑȬȯȢʆȻȑȥȑȅșȻȵșȥȬȟȩȵȳȬȻȏ
310
ȻȩȏȏȟȵȉʆȻȩȝʅ
șȬȗȩȢȝȟȑȍȋȏȖȗȵȵʆȻșȢȑȳȍȏȏȥȑȅȏȻȅȖȻȬȟ
2
ʅȻșȥȑȬȯȏȢ
ȗȳȑȬȢȏȤȑȥȝȻȏȉȟȵȟȖȏȵȢ
ȻȅȳșȍȋȏȟșȝȗȟȖȑȏʆȑȝȑȻȉȻșȅȑȍȉȏȏȳȉȖȏȑȉȋȥȏȳȉȑȩȵșȑȥșȵȏȩȱȳȟȩȑʆȻșȢȑȳȍȏȏȥȑȅȏȟȵ
ȍȉȟȉȻșȻȳȑȧȢȏșșȵȩȻȟȡȑȱȢȏ
–
Ȭȝ
ȻșȥȑȬȯȏȏȥȑȅȉȏȵȩȥȵș
–
șȝȑʆȤȑȝȥȅȟȏșȏș
ȵș
ȵșȍȱȏȟ
ȻșȢȑȳȍȏȏȥȑȅȏȖȗȵȢȱȟȖ
ȏȳȉȖȏȻȅȧșȥȝȏȟȩșșȧșȵʆȩȍșȻȑȳșȻȩȻȑșȵȩȻȟȏȱȑȧȩȻȱȳȅȬȟ
ȗȳȅȗȧȏȻȢȑȅȟʆȑȟȑȝȉȋȥȏȑʆȻșȅȑȍȉȏ
-
ʅȻșȟȅȳȵșȏȬȅ
ȏȏȥȑȅȉȏșșȥȉȏȻȑșȑȝȔ
ȻșȢȑȳȍ
:
ʢȏșșȵȩȻȟ
828,024
ʡȳʷȢ
ȟ
ȏȱȑȧȩȻ
)
96,968
ʡȳʷȢ
ʢȳȖȧȢȟ
19,649
ʡȳʷȢ
ȟ
ȳȑȉșȯȻȑȍȧȑȢȑȡșȥȉȢ
)
12,757
ʡȳʷȢ
ȟ
ȻȑȅșȳȉȟȳȑȉșȯȻȑȍȧȑȢȑȡșȥȉȢ
)
122,959
ʡȳʷȢ
ʇȻșȢȑȳȍȏȏȥȑȅȏȻșȥȝȻ
ȯ
4
ʇȏșșȵȩȻȟȡșȵȳȋȢ
ʇȏȱȑȧȩȻȟȡșȵȳȋȢ
ʇȡșȟȑȖȻșȉȟȵȳȋȢ
Ȼșșȋȗȳȗȧȅ
ʇȻȩȯȑȢȏȖȑȻșȬȏ
ȖȗȵȏȟȝȟȩȳȬȩȻȑȍȑȉȩ
ȝʷȏȧʅȡșșȳȱșȩȡșȍȱȑȢșȥȵȉȅȟȢȖȑȻșȬ
400-600
ȡȥȑȍ
șȥȑȬȯȍȱȑȢ
:
ȏȢȝȖʒȏșșȱȥȏșșȵȩȻȟȡșȵȳȋȢȳȵȬȅȢȑȻȉȝȳȟȳȉȑȖȢ
ȑ
ȳȖȧȢ
)
șȉșȧȥȗȥșȅȖȑȻșȬ
(
șȢȑȳȍȍȱȑȢ
:
ȻȑșȻȑȩȢȵȢȩȱȳȱȻȑȉșȗȖȟȩȡșȟȑȍȋȡșȟȩȬȢȟȍȩȑșȢ
)
ȝȟȵȡșșȱȵȑȱș
-
300
ȡȥȑȍ
(
ȯ
5
ʇȡșșȍșȻȩȏȱȑȧȩȻȻȑȢȑȱȢȉțȳȑȯȏȻȅȡșȵșȋȍȢȏȳȑȔȅȏȟȩȡșȥȑȻȥȏȢȝ
Ȣȉȋȥȏ
ȏȑȑȏ
68%
ȟȅȳȵșȻȥșȍȢȟȵȏȖȗȵȢ
ȟȉȅʆ
ȱȳ
9.1%
ȉȡșșȖȏȥșȍȢȏșȉȵȑȻȢ
ʅȑ
ȝ
-
30%
ȉȋȥȏșȉȵȑȻȢ
ʅȡșșȻȑȏȢȡșȳȩȬȉȡșșȖȑȻșȅȑȍȉȏȏȳȉȖȏȢȡȥșȏȡȑșȝ
ȍȩ
2030
ȡșȅȑȍȉȏȉȋȥȏșȉȵȑȻ
ȢȏȟȩȢȟȑșȏș
-
50%
ʅȡșȉȵȑȻȏȟȟȝȢ
ȻȑȥȑȳȖȅȏȡșȥȵȉȏȢȱȏȯșȢȅȑȻșȗȥȋșȟȗȥșȅʆȏȳșȩȯȻșȅȑȍȉȻȑȋșȏȥȢ
ȑ
ȻșȅȑȍȉȏȏȳȉȖȏ
ȟȩȡșșȍȑȏșȏȡșȥȝȵȏȟȵȻȗȵȑȢȏȡȍșȻȅȻȉșșȖțȅʆȟȅȳȵșȻȑȟȵȢȢȟȵȤȉȳȑȱȝȏȢȯȩȏȅȑȳȏȥșȅȳȉȝ
ʅȳȻȑșȡșȉȑȗȡșșȖȟȏȅșȯșȏȑȏȑȑȱȻȏȻȅȳȯșșȟȻȥȢ
ʅȏȥșȍȢȉȡȑȖȻȟȝȉȡșȟșȉȑȢȏȢȅȑȏȉȋȥȉșȅȢȍȱȅȏȑșȅȟȱȖȏʆșȯȑȟȖȏʆșȋȑȟȑȥȝȗȏʆșȍȑȏșȏȉȑȵșȏ
ȡșȳȑȬșȧ
ȻȑȥȑȳȖȅȏȡșȥȵȉȑȢȱȳȥȡșșȟȝȟȝȏȑȡșșȅȢȍȱȅȏʆȡșșȝȑȥșȖȏʆȡșșȻȳȉȖȏȡșȢȑȖȻȉȏȟȑȩȬșȬȑȻșȵȟȵȡșȉȳ
ʅȉȋȥȉ
șȬȑȋȟȵȑȏȟȵȢȢȏȟȵȻȑȉȳȻȑȩȱȵȏȉșșȖȢȉȋȥȏ
ȟȑȍȋȏȟȅșȯȥȗȑȬȏȱȬȧȅȟȟȅȑȏțȅʆȡșșȢȑȅȟȥșȉȡ
ʅȏȥșȍȢȏȟȵ
ȉȋȥȏșȉȵȑȻȟȻșȻșȢȅȏȑȑȱȻȑȏȉȑȗȻȑȥȝȵʆȡȑșȱȑȍʆȏȅșȳȉȏȳȉȖȳȵȬȅșʆȖȢȑȯȉȋȥ
.
ȻșȻȟȵȢȢȻȑșȥșȍȢ
ȖȑȑȗȻȝȑȳȅȏșȋȗȳȗȧȅȢȱȟȖȝȻȑȉșșȖȻȢȱȗșșȏȑȻȑȥȵȍȖȟȵȻȑȟșȩȬȍȑȍșȩȑ
.
ȡșȱȧȩȏȱȳȅȬ
OASYS
ȻȅȧȟȝȅȟȡșșȑȬȯȻșȢȑȳȍȏȏȥȑȅȉȡșȵȳȋȢȏȢȱȟȖ
ȡșȱȧȩȏȱȳȅȬ
OASYS
ʅʡșȥȢȔȡȵʢ
ȅȑȏȤȑșȩȳȏ
ȳȑȯșȟ
ʆȩȍșșȳșȻȩȡșȟȩȬȢȑȏȥȝȑȻșȟȩȬȢȟȟȑȝȏȡȖȻȢ
ȑȻȑȝșȅȉȤȬȑȍȅȯȑșșȋȑȟȑȥȝȗȧȑȬȢȱțȑȻȉ
ȑ
Ȼȅȟȯȥȟ
șȻȟȉȏȟȅșȯȥȗȑȬȏ
-
ȑȢȢ
ȏȳșȩȯȏȻșȅȑȍȉȏȏșșȧȑȟȝȑȅȏȟȵȵȢ
.
ȩșȯșȳȑȔȅȏ
țȑȻȡȝȖȤȑȥȝȻ
ȉȑȯșȩȻȢȳʈșȍȑȖșșȏȡșȟȱȅȉȻȑȉȵȖȻȏȑȻșȻȉșȉȧȻȑȢșșȱȟȩȏȉȵȖȢ
ȻȑȩȧȏȑȡșșȟȢȵȖȡșȗȥșȱȳȑȱʆȡșșȥȬȑȅșȟșȉȵʇȻșȬșȟȖȏȳȑȉȖȻʈȻșȥȵȍȖȏșȑȑȖȩșȯșȑȡșȏȑȉȋȏȱȑȔȖȻȑ
ȻȑșȢșȥȬ
.
ʆȡȑșȝ
ȝȱȳ
-
3%
ȑȩȢ
ȡșȉȳȩȡȏșȟȅȳȵșȏȱȗșșȏȏȪȥȩșȍȉ
ȝʆ
-
5,000
ȍȉȟȉ
țȑȻȢ
ȝ
-
120,000
Ȫȥȩȏșȍȉȑȩ
ʅȟȅȳȵșȉ
Ȼȥȵȉ
2018
ȱȳ
90
țȑȻȢ
5000
ȗȳȅȗȧȏ
-
ȝʢȑȢȱȑȏȵȡșȬȅ
-
1.8%
ȻșȉȳȩȻȑȟȩȉȉȑșȏʡ
.
ȟȉȅ
,
ȳȬȧȢ
ȏȍȢȻȏȉȏȟȑȩȡșșȋȑȟȑȥȝȗȻȑȩȑȯȱȢȉȡșȍșȢȟȻȏ
.
Ȼȥȵȉ
2017
ȳȉȝʆ
10%
ȏșȋȑȟȑȥȝȗȟȡșȗȥȍȑȗȧȏȟȟȝȢ
)
4800-5000
(
ȡșȉȳȩȑșȏ
ȑ
ȩȍȢȏșȢȑȖȻȉȻșȉȳȩȏȏȳȉȖȏȋȑȯșșȱȑȔșȖȟȵȢȑȖȻșȥȝȻȉȏȅȯșȏȟȵȢȢȏ
413,300
534,600
236,100
534,000
42,400
172,300
691,800
1,240,900
2020
2040
ȳȔȋȢșȬȟȩȡșȉȵȑȻȳȬȧȢ
ȡșȍȳȖȡȥșȅȵȡșȍȑȏș
ȡșȅȑȍȉ
ȡșșȍȳȖȡșȍȑȏș
ȏȧ
"
ȝ
ȉȤșȟȑȬȑȳȗȢ
ȡșșȬȳȋȑȢȍȡșȥȑȻȥʇȩȉȵȳȅ
6
ȑ
ȏșȋȑȟȑȥȝȗȏ
ȟȟȑȝʆ
250
ȻȑȉȑȳȱȏȡșșȻȥȵȉȑȩȱȵȑșȵȤȑșȟșȢ
ȡșȱȧȩȏȱȳȅȬȉȡșȅȑȳȑȥȅʅ
OASYS
ȻȑȥȢȍȔȏ
ʅȡȑȖȻȉȏȥșȍȢȏȟȵȻȑȟȑȍȋȏȻȑșȥȝȻȏȢȳȝșȥȱȟȖȩȑȯșȉȟȡșȅȻȢȩȯȢȱȬȧȟȻșȻșȢȅ
ʇȵȳȍȥ
ȩȍșȻȑȳșȻȩȻȑșȵȩȻȖȑȻșȬȟȟȑȝȻșȢȑȳȍȏȏȥȑȅȏȖȑȻșȬȡȑȍșȱȅȵȑȥȉȏȟȵȢȢȻȗȟȖȏ
ȗȳȑȬȢȤȑȥȝȻȟȉșȯȱȻȻȬȧȑȻ
ȳȬȩȏȻȑȍȑȉȩȟȤȑȢșȢȡȍȱ
ȱȑȑșȵȑȏȢȳȋȑȳȬȟșȉșȯȱȻȩȑșȧ